نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بینالملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 مرکز پژوهشی حوضه اقلیمی خزر. دانشگاه مازندران. بابلسر. ایران
چکیده
سوء استفاده از حقوق بشر در دریا بهعنوان مسئلهای مهم نادیده انگاشته میشود. از آنجا که رعایت نکردن حقوق بشر در دریا به ملموسی آنچه در خشکی اتفاق میافتد نیست، ازاینرو توجه چندانی از جامعة بینالمللی دریافت نمیکند. بهطور قطع دولتها به رعایت حقوق بشر در سرزمینهایشان متعهدند، اما در مورد جایگاه آن در دریا یا رعایت حقوق بشر توسط دولتها در مناطق دریاییشان هیچگونه مقررهای وجود ندارد. با توسعة فعالیتهای دریایی امکان برخورد قواعد دریایی با سایر رژیمهای حقوق بینالملل وجود دارد که مهمترین رژیمی که با آن در تقابل است، حقوق بشر است. تقابل حقوق دریاها با حقوق بشر را میتوان به دید فرصتی برای توسعة حقوق بینالملل نگریست تا بتوان هرچه بیشتر حاکمیت قانون را در آن توسعه داد. موارد متعدد بسیاری وجود دارد که حقوق بشر و حقوق دریاها با یکدیگر در ارتباطاند. پروندة هیرسی نمونة جالبی در این مورد است. هدف از حقوق دریاها تنظیم روابط دولتها در دریاست، اما قصد ما آن است تا خلاف جهت حرکت کنیم و از ارتباط بین فرد و دولت در این عرصه از منظر رویة قضایی و انسانی شدن حقوق دریاها سخن بگوییم.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Humanization of the Law of the Sea in light of the Principle of Non-Refoulement: The Hirsi Jamaa Case
نویسندگان [English]
- Elham Aminzadeh 1
- Zahra sadat Sharegh 2
1 Associate Prof., Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Research Center for the Caspian Region, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
چکیده [English]
The abuse of human rights at sea is a critical problem that has often been ignored. Since violation of human rights at sea is not as tangible as it is on land, it has not received enough attention from the international community. Governments are certainly committed to respecting human rights within their territories including their territorial waters, but there are no clear rules about protecting human rights in other marine areas especialy the high seas.On the other hand, due to the expansion of marine activities, there might emerge a conflict between the law of the sea and other fields of international law especially human rights law. The contrast between human rights and the law of the sea can be seen as an opportunity for developing international law in order to stregthen the rule of law. Human rights and the law of the sea are connected in many cases. The Hirsi Jamaa case is a notable example. The Law of the Sea aims to govern uses of the sea, but the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the individual and the state in the maritime space, and thus the humanization of the law of the sea.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Human rights
- Law of the Seas
- Non-refoulement
- Hirsi Jamaa
- فارسی
الف) کتابها
- ضیایی بیگدلی، محمدرضا (1389)، حقوق بینالملل عمومی، چ سیویکم، تهران: گنج دانش.
- فلسفی، هدایتالله (1396)، سیر عقل در منظومه حقوق بینالملل، تهران: نشر نو با همکاری نشر آسیم.
ب) پایاننامهها
- سنگر، نیلوفر (1391)، اصل منع اعادۀ پناهندگان از منظر حقوق بشر، پایاننامة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
- فرزانه، یوسف (1393)، انسانی شدن حقوق بینالملل در پرتو نظریة مسئولیت حمایت با تأکید بر دیدگاه اسلام، دانشگاه پیام نور.
- انگلیسی
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- E) Website
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