نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشگاه تهران ، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بینالملل، پردیس البرز دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
با پیشرفت فناوری و درهمتنیدگی اقتصاد کشورهای دنیا در عصر حاضر، تحریمهای یکجانبة اقتصادی بهعنوان حربهای کارا و رایج، توسط کشورهای قدرتمند دنیا، برای تحت فشار قرار دادن کشور هدف، مورد توجه قرار گرفته و کاربردی متفاوت از دوران گذشته یافته است. با دگرگون شدن ماهیت و قدرت تحریمهای اقتصادی، کشورهای قدرتمند تلاش کردهاند تا با بهرهگیری حداکثری از این اهرم فشار، بـهصـورت یکجانبه یا با همراه کردن سایر کشورها، به وضع این نوع مقررات محدودکننده علیـه کشورها و دولتهایی که تابع سیاست خارجی این کشورها نیستند، بپردازند. بیشترین آثار زیانبار این تحریمهای یکجانبه بر حقوق بنیادین شهروندان عادی سرزمینهای هدف از جمله حق سلامتی و حق دسترسی بر غذا قابل مشاهده است که به بروز پرسشها و ابهامهایی در تعیین دامنة مسئولیت کشور تحریمکننده در برابر آثار زیانبار این اقدامهای تحریمی، منجر شده است. مقالة حاضر، ضمن بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر تشدید آثار تحریمهای اقتصادی بر کشور تحریمشده، درصدد پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که کشورهای تحریمکننده، تا چه حد نسبت به حقوق بنیادین مردم کشور هدفِ تحریم، مطابق با موازین حقوق بشری و قواعد حقوق بینالملل، دارای مسئولیت و تکلیف هستند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Human rights Obligations of the Sanctioning State in Relation to the People of the Sanctioned State: From Issuing Sanction Exemptions to Effective Removal of Impediments
نویسندگان [English]
- Seyed Mohamadhassan Razavi 1
- Maryam Qasemi 2
- Fateme Zeynodini 3
1 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 MA. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Postdoc Researcher, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
With the development of technology and the interconnection of economies, the use of unilateral sanctions by powerful states, as a tool to exert pressure on the target country, has both increased and acquired a different function compared to the past. The most detrimental effects of unilateral sanctions can be seen on the fundamental rights of ordinary citizens of the target countries, including the right to health and the right to access food. Thus, the question arises as to the extent of the sanctioning state’s responsibility for the violation of such rights. This paper will study the factors influencing the increase in the impact of economic sanctions on the sanctioned country, and will examine how, under international and human rights law, the sanctioning state can be held responsible with respect to the fundamental human rights of the sanctioned country’s people.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- economic sanctions
- fundamental human rights
- right to food and medicine
- extraterritorial sanctions
- comprehensive sanctions
- multilateral sanctions
- فارسی
الف) کتابها
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- انگلیسی
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