نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه حقوق بینالملل، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات، قم، ایران
2 دکتری حقوق بینالملل، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات، قم، ایران
چکیده
رویکرد مراجع متعدد تصمیمسازی بینالمللی، به تحولاتی در موضوع تروریسم در خصوص مفهوم و گستره، نسبت آن با حقوق مخاصمات مسلحانه و نیز نسبت آن با حقوق بشر منجر شده است. این مراجع برای تعریف تروریسم گامهای مهمی برداشتهاند. از جمله شورای امنیت برای نخستین بار تروریسم را تعریف کرده و امکان توسل به حق دفاع مشروع علیه فعالیتهای تروریستی را تأیید کرده است. رویکرد شورا در مقایسه با رویکرد دیوان بینالمللی دادگستری بسیار پیشروتر بهنظر میرسد. این شورا برخلاف دیوان بینالمللی دادگستری نقش تقنینی برای خود قائل شده که در رویۀ حقوق بینالملل و سازمان ملل متحد بیسابقه است. دربارۀ لزوم رعایت حقوق بشر متهمان تروریسم نیز، آرا و قطعنامههای مراجع متعدد تصریح میکنند که دولتهای عضو نمیتوانند به نام مبارزه با تروریسم هر اقدامی را که مناسب میبینند، بهکار گیرند. موارد یادشده نشان میدهند که تأثیر تعدد مراجع بینالمللی همچون دادگاههای روآندا و یوگسلاوی و نیز مراجع منطقهای همچون دیوانهای اروپایی و آمریکایی حقوق بشر بر مفهوم تروریسم، در راستای استانداردهای حقوق بشر، تأثیری مثبت تلقی میشود.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Developments in Human-Rights and Humanitarian Law Ariring from the Impact of the Fragmentation of International Law on the Concept of Terrorism
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Ali Kafaeifar 1
- Mohammad Teimouri 2
1 Assistant Prof., Department of International Law, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Sciences and Researches, Qom, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Faculty of Humanities, University of Sciences and Researches, Qom, Iran
چکیده [English]
The proliferation of international decision-making authorities have led to developments in terrorism as regards its concept, extension, relationship with the law of armed conflict as well as human-rights law. The authorities have taken significant steps to define terrorism. For instance, the Security Council has defined terrorism for the first time, and has affirmed the possibility to recourse to self-defense against terrorist activities. Compared to the ICJ, the approach of the Security Council seems to be more advanced. Indeed, the Council has established a law-making function for its self. This is unprecedented in terms of international law and the practice of the United Nations. With respect to the necessity of observing human rights for persons accused of terrorism, the judgments and resolutions of different authorities articulate that UN member states are not free to take any action in the name of fighting terrorism. It will be argued that the proliferation in international decision-making authorities, such as the ICTY and the ICTR, as well as regional authorities such as the European and American human rights courts, has had a positive impact on the concept of terrorism in line with human rights standards.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- terrorism
- law-making
- fragmentation
- human rights
- law of armed conflicts
- International Court Of Justice
- Security Council
- فارسی
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- آلمانی
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- فرانسه
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