نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، ایران
2 دانش آموختۀ دکتری حقوق عمومی دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، ایران
3 دانشآموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، ایران.
چکیده
منافع همسو یا متقابل دولت‌ها با یکدیگر، آنان را به‌واسطۀ فضای درهم‌تنیدۀ جامعۀ بین‌المللی به سمت حصول تفاهمی مشترک سوق می‌دهد تا ثمرۀ این تنازع تکوین عهدنامه‌های دو یا چندجانبۀ بین‌المللی باشد. مذاکرات وجه نهان مرافقت مذکور است که از منهج سازمان‌ها و اجلاس‌های چندجانبۀ بین‌المللی، تعهداتی را برای اعضای شرکت‌کننده تحمیل می‌کند تا بر اساس آنچه در مذاکرات معین شده است، به منصۀ ظهور برسد. در این میان فقدان ضابطه و چارچوب در قانون اساسی و سایر قوانین داخلی کشور، مذاکرات بین‌المللی را که جنبۀ مهم تعهدات آتی دولت است، بدون قاعده باقی گذارده است، این در حالی است که سایر کشورها از جمله آمریکا سازوکارهای معینی برای قانونمندی هرچه بیشتر مذاکرات مدلسازی کرده‌اند. خلأ مذکور که با بی‌اطلاعی نهادهای داخلی کشور از مذاکرات میان دولت‌ها در کمیتۀ مقدماتی همراه است، زمینه‌ساز تعارضات میان دولت، مجلس و شورای نگهبان خواهد بود. یافته‌های تحقیق مبین آن است که وقوف مراجع ذی‌صلاح داخلی از تبادل آرای دولت‌ها در این کمیته که در نهایت خود را در لوای اسناد پیش‌نویس معاهدات بین‌المللی جلوه‌گر می‌سازد، زمینۀ لازم برای حل تعارضات میان قوای مجریه و مقننه را فراهم می‌سازد و تصمیم‌گیری مجلس و شورای نگهبان را بیش‌از پیش با واقعیات پیدا و پنهان جامعۀ بین‌المللی منطبق می‌گرداند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
International Negotiations in the Mirror of the Legal System of Islamic Republic of Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Abasali Kadkhodaee 1
- Ali Fattahi Zafarghandi 2
- Amir Lohrasbi 3
1 Prof., Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph. D in Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran
3 MA. in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Conflicts of interest between states lead to mutual understanding due to the complex nature of the international community, resulting in the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral treaties. Negotiations the hidden aspect of this is that it imposes obligations on members through international organizations and conferences. Meanwhile, the lack of rules and regulations in the constitution and other domestic laws of Iran has left negotiations without rules. While other countries, including the United States, have designed certain mechanisms to legitimize negotiations as much as possible. This challenge, which is accompanied by the lack of information of the internal institutions of Iran about the negotiations between the governments in PrepCom, will lead to disputes between the government, the parliament and the Guardian Council. Findings show that the knowledge of competent domestic authorities of the exchange of views of governments in PrepCom, which ultimately leads to the drafting of international treaties, provides the necessary basis for resolving conflicts between the government, parliament and the Guardian Council.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Guardian Council
- International negotiations
- Preparatory Committee
- Treaties.
- فارسی
الف) کتاب‌ها
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- انگلیسی
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- Alpine Convention, adopted 7 November 1991, entered into force 6 March 1995
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- International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, November 2001, A/56/10
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- E) Resolution
- UN General Assembly, UN Doc A/RES/2467(XXIII)
- UN General Assembly, Principles and guidelines for international negotiations: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 20 January 1999, A/RES/53/101
- UN General Assembly, UN Doc A/RES/2340(XXII), 18 December 1967; UN General Assembly, UN Doc A/RES/2467(XXIII), 21 December 1968
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